Vehicle detection using magnetic field sensors offers
significant advantages over alternative methods such as
inductive loops or video surveillance. The analysis of
dynamic variations in the magnetic field induced by passing
vehicles provides higher detection accuracy; however, it is
associated with increased energy consumption. As an
alternative, a static analysis approach based on periodic
sampling is presented in this paper. The issue of detection
dead zones—characterized by minimal or negligible
variations in the magnetic field along the vertical
measurement axis—can be effectively mitigated through the
use of a three-axis magnetic sensor and by analyzing the
magnitude of the magnetic field.

This paper presents the successful design and fabrication
of dry, flexible bioelectrodes for electrocardiographic
(ECG) measurements. Bioelectrodes were fabricated using
flexible materials, such as poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS),
and a conductive material, titanium (Ti). Three electrodes
were integrated into a belt worn around the chest, with one
centrally placed electrode and two distributed to the left
and right relative to the chest. This configuration ensures
sufficient distance and a stable measurement geometry. The
analysis was performed on two longer segments of the
signal, labeled as part 1 and part 2, as well as on a short
representative segment selected to show signal morphology.
HeartPy processing with six-fold temporal upsampling
yielded an estimated heart rate of 78.99 bpm for part 1 and
78.90 bpm for part 2. In a short representative segment,
QRST components were clearly observed, with a QRS duration
of 79.6 ms for the isolated beat. The mean RR interval in
that segment was 813.9 ms, corresponding to a heart rate of
73.7 bpm. The results show that with the described
configuration, it is possible to register a usable ECG
signal with clearly recognizable QRS complexes and T wave.

This study demonstrates radial artery pulse waveform
acquisition using a laser-induced graphene (LIG) sensor and
custom readout electronics. The LIG element was patterned
on polyimide tape and mounted at the wrist site of a
commercial pulse assessment simulator (BT-CEAB2). The
sensor was operated with constant-current excitation, and
the voltage drop was digitized using a 24-bit delta-sigma
ADC (ADS1220) controlled by an ATmega328P microcontroller.
Two-minute recordings were stable and low-noise, enabling
robust peak detection with the HeartPy toolkit. The signal
quality also allowed clear identification of diastolic
peaks following systolic events, and a lightweight
peak-pair algorithm was applied to quantify
systolic-to-diastolic timing. The mean
systolic-to-diastolic delay was Δt = 169.29 ms. These
results support the use of LIG sensing with compact,
high-resolution constant-current readout for future
embedded pulse-parameter monitoring.

Wearable sensors capable of detecting subtle facial
movements are of increasing interest for healthcare
monitoring and assistive communication. In this work, a
novel flexible piezoresistive sensor based on
MXene@polyester is developed for high-sensitivity detection
of eyebrow motion. Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets were
synthesized via a minimally intensive delamination method
(MILD) and deposited onto a woven polyester substrate using
vacuum-assisted filtration, forming a uniform and
conductive network. Titanium electrodes were
sputter-deposited to ensure robust electrical contacts and
device flexibility. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
confirmed the formation of layered MXene structures. Sensor
performance was evaluated through real-time measurements,
with voltage converted to resistance and ΔR(t) processed
using filtering and peak detection algorithms. The device
exhibited stable and reproducible responses to impulsive,
sustained, and frowning eyebrow movements. Distinct signal
features, including peak amplitude, temporal spacing, and
plateau formation, enabled reliable gesture discrimination.
Notably, impulsive movements produced periodic responses,
sustained movements generated stable plateaus, and frowning
induced the highest signal amplitudes. The 50 Ω value
refers to MXene@PES before titanium sputtering and
silver-paste contacts, while eyebrow-motion data are
reported as ΔR(t) in kΩ; the best signal-to-noise ratio
(SNR) was approximately 38 dB, and the mean 10–90% rise
time was approximately 211 ms. These results demonstrate
that MXene-coated polyester fabrics are a promising
platform for sensitive detection of low-strain facial
deformations in wearable systems.

This paper presents a detailed investigation of the
transient charge transport properties of the FN80 silicon
photodiode using the Transient Current Technique (TCT). The
study addresses a clear research gap, as this type of diode
has not previously been characterized with nanosecond
temporal resolution using TCT methods. The FN80 device,
based on a p–i–n silicon structure, was analyzed using a
980 nm pulsed laser with a spatial resolution of 10 μm,
enabling precise mapping of the active area. The resulting
electrical signals were recorded with a high-speed
oscilloscope and processed to extract key parameters,
including charge collection time and generated charge
distribution. The results demonstrate the high quality and
speed of the FN80 photodiode, highlighting its strong
potential for applications in high-energy physics and
synchrotron-based X-ray detection systems.

We present an approach to add functionality to
all-dielectric metasurfaces for simultaneous enhancement of
photocatalytic processes and refractometric sensing of
microreactor channel content by utilizing qBIC states in
the visible optical range. We numerically modeled the
optical properties of two types of optical metasurfaces:
titanium dioxide on silica and silicon on silica. The TiO2
metasurface is ideally suited for the sensing aspect of the
desired functionality and enables higher levels of optical
field enhancement. However, due to the lack of optical
absorption in the semiconductor, additional steps are
necessary to use this field enhancement for photocatalysis,
though there is some flexibility in how to utilize the
supported modes of the structure. The silicon metasurface,
on the other hand, uses all supported modes for enhancement
of photocatalytic processes due to the high material losses
in the semiconductor, but it is practically mandatory to
use the added qBIC mode for refractometric sensing.